The expanding early Roman Republic found the Greek phalanx formation too Equites and velites are both part of the Roman legion. The Roman Phalanx – Roman hoplite (on right) fighting against the Etruscan warriors. Define legions. history question, please help. Pikeman pretty much cease to exist after Rome defeated them in Greece and Anatolia. But it’s not a flaw, just an inevitable trade-off. Phyrrus) What I'm trying to say is that, back in 400 BC Spartans could crash a Roman army.100-150 years later though they would propably crashed. Start studying Final Review. Add New Argument. . How long did the soldiers have to be in the army for? The early Roman army, however, was a different thing altogether than the later imperial army. The Greeks used armies of massed infantry standing very close together, all joined as one giant unit. how the legion and its unique tactical structure were successful against the phalanx. B. Roman Legions. Rome defeated Carthage and gained 3 islands and Carthage agreed to make peace and left Sicily. How often? Compared to the tightly packed spearmen of the phalanx, the Roman heavy infantry, through their training and discipline, and operating in conjunction with light foot and cavalry, could quickly adopt a number of methods and formations depending on the situation. Find evidence to support the idea that the Romans were open to the influence of foreign cultures. Furthermore, by the time Rome faced Macedon the Macedonian army had become a 1 trick pony; gone were the days of Philip & Alexander's combined … Peloponnesian War. What are the 4 units in the legion ? Romans got some of their alphabet from the Etruscans. Here is the post by Bares laying out the cases of phalanx vs legion. Some descriptions of the testudo discriminate betw… They no longer grew their own wheat because the imported their wheat from conquered areas like Sicily. The phalanx was a big square of destruction. Historians and students of the field alike have often compared the Hellenistic-era phalanx with the Roman legion, in an attempt to ascertain which of the formations was truly better. Large warships could not travel up the shallow river. The video starts off with what can be termed as the first solid formation of the Roman army (when Rome was still a city-state kingdom). BEFORE the last Punic War, enslaved people were NOT used in agriculture. Source: WeaponsandWarfare. The legions no longer protected the Roman frontier as they turned to looting the wealthy provinces of Italy and Greece. Legion, a military organization, originally the largest permanent organization in the armies of ancient Rome. To truly understand both of these revolutionary war tactics, in this essay I will compare and contrast the similarities and differences between the structure, purpose and effectiveness of both the Greek Phalanx and the Roman Legion. The adopted Greek heroes and legends as their own. It would be a legion (about 5,000 men) against 5,000 Spartans. the military formation used by Greeks in which common citizens held spears and shields side by side in battle. or it would end in a draw. Start studying Ancient Rome. BRING IT HOME!! A legion was about 5,000 men in several cohorts of heavy infantry (legionaries). Viewers discretion is advised! history question, please help. 290 BC. Expert Answer . In the early Roman Kingdom legion may have meant the entire Roman army, but sources on this period are few and unreliable. These assessments describe the success of Rome on a very broad scale. A Roman legion was more flexible, because it had manacles that could split up and form shapes to trap the enemy. This question hasn't been answered yet Ask an expert. Some Greeks were … The phalanx was much better working on defense than offense. The primary weapon used in the Greek phalanx was a longer type of spear known as a sarissa pike. A strong organized Roman Army/Divisions of Roman soldiers. What were the advantages of a legion compared to a phalanx? Show transcribed image text. Find evidence to support the idea that the Romans were open to the influence of foreign cultures. In the time of the Early Roman Empire, there were usually about 25–35 permanent standing legions.A legion consisted of several cohorts of heavy infantry known as legionaries. Rome's disposal of sewage was . Specialist units are, by their very nature, inflexible. A strong organized Roman Army/Divisions of Roman soldiers. See Chart at School. Less Easily Maneuvered. The term legion also denotes the military system by which imperial Rome conquered and ruled the ancient world. In the foreground, a maniple has exploited a gap in the arrayed pikes of the white shield phalanx. The Romans identified their gods with those of the Greeks. Arguably the greatest strength of the Roman legion was its ability to adapt and overcome; flexibility of formation gained Scipio Africanus his ultimate victory over Hannibal at Zama and thus eliminated Rome’s greatest rival in the Mediterranean. When? The emblem of the legion was a b 5. Given that the legion almost consistently defeated the phalanx, Cole suggests the principal advantages the Roman military system possessed that led to this result. Information about the Roman Legions of the Imperial Period. When the next four are selected the tribunes of the second legion have the first choice, and those of the first the last. The legions stopped using the traditional phalanx formation that was developed by Greek warriors and instead began to fight with more open lines and swords instead of spears. But I didn't know I'd learn so much. We do have, however, "Strategikon", whose author may be the Byzantine emperor - Maurice. What is a legion? PHALANX vs LEGION . The 6000 Roman citizens of the legion fought as a phalanx of hoplites, a tactic that was widely used in Greece and Etruria. Legio X: The Tenth Mounted Legion was the personal legion of Julius Caesar. Expert Answer . Raised in ancient Greece, Polybius fought in Hellenic battles before being sent to Rome as a hostage, though he was given great freedoms during his stay. They paid for the contracts and then they would collect taxes from the conquered people. The expanding early Roman Republic found the Greek phalanx formation too What where the Velites main job? According to Cicero, Romans, compared to other peoples were. A Roman legion was more flexible, because it had manacles that could split up and form shapes to trap the enemy. The Macedonian phalanx repulsed the first Roman legion and the Latins who fought alongside it. en I would probably have to say Legio X.

From the time of Ancient Sumeria, the heavy infantry phalanx dominated the battlefield. Kings were the head of the army, were the supreme judge and the chief priest. Not from the viewpoint of a historian with the hindsight of history. a war between the city-states Sparta and Athens in 431 B.C. peasants forced to stay on the land they worked. The Phalanx was certainly inflexible. The Government of the Roman Republic had how many consuls? The Roman legion could fight the phalanx head-on and decimate it. I think that a interesting point. The Romans, however, pioneered small-unit tactics, and organized their armies into smaller formations capable of acting independently of the rest of the army. READ MORE: Roman Kings, a complete list of the 7 early rulers. open area i a city filled with public buildings, temples, and markets, a government in which citizens have a right to vote and elect officials, a basic unit of the army consisting of 4,500 - 5,000 men, unit of the army between 60 and 160 men (they were efficient if they were on flat terrain). Armed with spears or pikes, standing shoulder to shoulder with shields interlocking, the men of the phalanx presented an impenetrable wall of wood and metal to the enemy. Velites, Princepes, hestati, and trairii. They weren't quick enough when they got ambush by the gaul. Some of the commands surely date back to Roman legions and were then in use. Mostly, they would just be able to outflank the spartans. To date, about 50 have been identified. It was also the name of the military insignia carried by such unit.. Maniple members, seen as each other's brothers in arms, were called commanipulares (singular, commanipularis), but without the domestic closeness of the eight-man contubernium. Houston. I am not sure if I would say that the Romans were more maneuverable per se as we dont really have any examples of Roman legionnaires simply running around phalangites however they … phalanx. I particularly enjoyed how Cole went beyond just the warfare elements. The backbone of the 15,000-men-strong Roman army was the legion. Roman legion. PLAY. Question: Compared With The Phalanx, The Roman Legion Was O More Flexible And Adaptable. 146 BC. That’s because it was a specialist formation. This question hasn't been answered yet Ask an expert. The phalanx, though very powerful head on, was not as flexible as the Roman manipular formation and thus unable to adapt to changing conditions on the battlefield or break away from an engagement if necessary. A Roman legion was the basic military unit of the ancient Roman army in the period of the late Roman Republic and the Roman Empire.It was roughly equivalent to the modern word division.In the plural, the legions, it may mean the entire Roman army. Legion vs phalanx is the worst descriptor. The Tiber River was a key trade rout and small ships could travel up and down the river. Define salarium. Small Farms were replaced by large estates called latifundias. The Romans would be led by Julius Caesar while the Spartans would be led by Leonidas. Describe legions. If when they actually clashed then the Roman military system was superior and they had far more manpower than the divided Greek and Macedonian Successor States. The sarissa is too long for anyone to reach and formation is too dense for Romans to break it with pilums. 'a handful') was a tactical unit of the Roman Republic adopted during the Samnite Wars (343–290 BC). What time did Rome rule the whole Mediterranean? gauls. Persian Wars. The Romans sent the wagons against them, with some initial success. Detractors of the former point out that in many engagements between the two (such as at Pydna and Cynosephalae), the legion was the clear victor, and hence represented a superior system. STUDY. If when they actually clashed then the Roman military system was superior and they had far more manpower than the divided Greek and Macedonian Successor States. ... command compared with the Carthaginians. There were trading ports along the river. It needed better drill, a better command structure and better individual training and discipline to stand against other organised heavy infantry. PLAY. The hoplites were heavy infantry; armored with helmet, breastplate, greaves and a bronze round shield. The legion was raised by Caesar and served throughout the Gallic Campaign. The latifundias produced olive groves and vineyards. auxiliaries. A key moment in Roman … Armed with spears or pikes, standing shoulder to shoulder with shields interlocking, the men of the phalanx presented an impenetrable wall of wood and metal to the enemy. Show transcribed image text. the small farms had produced wheat for food. The Roman manipular legion and the Macedonian phalanx were each pivotal factors in the successes of their states, but was one formation actually better than the … The phalanx was a big square of destruction. After the fall of mighty Carthage in the Second Punic War (202 BC) Rome began to prepare for the invasion of Greece. The Macedonian phalanx and the Roman legion are perhaps the most famous tactical formations in antiquity. Etymology. However the Romans did give some of their Gods different names and duties than those of the Greek Gods. When? the great naval that was defeated by the Roman legions. I'm going to play the devils advocate on this one, because I think most people are going to support the Spartans. And they would outnumber Spartan hoplites. The Roman empire developed much later than the Greek empire thus the Romans copied almost everything that the Greeks had developed over time, such as art, literature and Gods. What were the advantages of a legion compared to a phalanx? And at the beginning of the battle, the Macedonian Phalanx did succeed in pushing back the Roman Legions, but without good … The two terms aren’t exactly comparable. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The Romans never trained troops in that fashion and as far as I know, never had auxiliaries fight like that. Legio I Italica ("First Italian Legion") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army founded by emperor Nero on September 22, 66 (the date is attested by an inscription). What time did Rome rule the whole peninsula? by Jeff Jonas. Previous question Next question Transcribed Image Text from this Question. A legion was roughly of brigade size, composed of 4,200 infantry and 300 cavalry in the republican period, extended to 5,200 infantry and 120 auxilia in the imperial period. They had to be in the army from 20-25 years. Because of this, Roman farmers burned their fields/crops. republic. Phalanx was unbeatable when it faces enemy. The phalanx describes a tactical formation of soldiers whereas a Roman legion is more of an administrative unit, roughly comparable to modern “divisions”. Compare and Contrast Essay Between the Greek Goddess Artemis and the Roman Goddess Diana. Mind you, I was aware that I would learn a lot about the Hellenistic phalanx and the Roman legion. faster, smaller than the Greek phalanx. The Roman state, however, and its keen administrative ability and unprecedented power to muster and deploy forces with astonishing speed, defeated almost every state it was pit against. Legion versus Phalanx: The Epic Struggle for Infantry Supremacy in the Ancient World by Myke Cole. Some Greeks were settled in Italy before the Romans. Each consul of the Roman Republic had the power to ______________ or __________ ______ _____ the acts of the other. the leader of Carthage who led elephants into Italy. With the next four the tribunes of the third legion have the first choice, those of the second the last; and so on in regular rotation: of which the result is that each legion gets men of much the same standard. Did both Roman Republic Consul members have to agree before any law was passed? Because legions were not standing units until the Marian reforms (c. 107 BC), and were instead created, used, and disbanded again, several hundred legions were named and numbered throughout Roman history. This assertion undoubtedly has much merit given the number of men the Romans lost during that conflict (roughly 100,000 in the first two years alone). Roman Legionaire. Legion, a military organization, originally the largest permanent organization in the armies of ancient Rome. Why did they abandon they Phalanx ? At first, under the Etruscan Kings, the massive Greek phalanx was the mode of battle. The Roman legion only narrowly defeated the Greek phalanx. Whereas when King Perseus fought the Roman Legions at Pydna, he had forsaken the Combined Arms approach and reverted back to a full Phalanx force, the kind of force his ancestor King Alexander had defeated many a times with his Combined Arms approach. Side Score: 20. Small farms were replaced by large farms because. It was also weak on the flanks, especially on the right. The best descriptions of the formations come from the historian Polybius. Led personally by him when he was governor of Hispania Ulterior, the legion was an alternative to cavalry auxiliaries, as Julius did not trust those from the territories recently conquered. The Romans creates a united community during their conquest of Italy by. Publicans were sold tax contracts. decimation. Playing straight into the phalanx preference of fighting and force it into buckling destruction. Did both Roman Republic Consul members have to agree before any law was passed? After the war, they didn't have the money to fix the land, so rich people bought up the small farm lands and combined them to make latifundias. Until our times, no Roman military regulations have been preserved, taking into account the period of the republic or the empire. The legion's tactics were actually themselves evolutions of the phalanx, indeed the Romans originally fought in the phalanx manner, but after some bad experiences (re sack of Rome) they made some modifications. However, when confronted with more advanced infantry formations, such as the Macedonian pike phalanx or the Roman manipular legion (or even the Spartan phalanx), the hoplite phalanx almost invariably crumbled. The Roman legion was the largest military unit of the Roman army. It’s easy to see where the “tortoise” formation got its name. Or maniples. Veto say no to. It is generally perceived that with the later Battle of Pydna, this defeat demonstrated the superiority of the Roman legion over the Macedonian phalanx. Salt allowence. Soldiers. Side Score: 35. What was the publicans role in tax contracts? YES. Overall its quite a difficult question. Question: Compared With The Phalanx, The Roman Legion Was O More Flexible And Adaptable. Then the men leading the elephants stopped driving them forward and threw down spears. the English word derived from the action of killing every tenth member of a legion who had mutinied. This made the the legions extremely versatile in battle when compared to the phalanx. The Greeks used armies of massed infantry standing very close together, all joined as one giant unit. The Roman manipular legion and the Macedonian phalanx were each pivotal factors in the successes of their states, but was one formation actually better than the other? foreigners serving in a Roman legion. WAB Macedonian Phalanx vs. Roman Legion. There are still records of the I Italica on the Danube border at the beginning of the 5th century. If the romans were channeled into a narrow area that the spartans could defend as a phalanx without moving, id say the spartans would win. The titanic struggle between Rome and Carthage had prevented the Roman's from pursuing a policy of all out war against the Greeks. Phyrrus) What I'm trying to say is that, back in 400 BC Spartans could crash a Roman army.100-150 years later though they would propably crashed. The less rugged terrain helped unite the peninsula. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The organization of legions varied greatly over time but they were typically composed of up to 5,400 soldiers, originally divided into 10 maniples and later into cohorts each with 480 soldiers. Maniple (Latin: manipulus, lit. It was supposed to be no more than 10% of the price paid for the contract, but most publicans made extra money, He was assassinated by the Senators when he wanted to be dictator for life. The epithet Italica is a reference to the Italian origin of its first recruits. A military group (5,000 soldiers) What is the equivalence of a legionary? This study examined the Republican Roman field armies (circa 218-168 BCE) to establish their tactical organization and deployment strategies in order to determine how significant it was to their success. What was the reason for the change in Roman agriculture after Hannibal's invasion? far more likely to reverence the gods. The basic structure of both the Greek Phalanx and the Roman Legion were quite different from one another. Two distract heavier units. The main mountains that helped to protect them were the Alps Mountains to the north, and the Tiber River, which flowed through Rome and was 15 miles from the Mediterranean Sea. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. 275 BC . Each consul of the Roman Republic had the power to _____ or _____ _____ _____ the acts of the other. Less Suited To Mountain Terrain. What you're actually comparing is Roman heavy infantry, or even better described, line infantry, so the Hastati, Principes, Triarii. hannibal . Makes sense since the phalanx was only one part of the Hellenic Army, often not the main effort. Previous question Next question Transcribed Image Text from this Question. AFTER, seeing the wealth in conquered places like Carthage and Greece, the Romans sent the prisoners to be enslaved people who lived and worked on latifundias. STUDY. 5 points. While Hannibal's soldiers were in Italy (roaming), they lived off the land. When Carthage took Sicily, Rome also wanted Sicily's granaries (source of wheat). The Roman/Italian military alliance had fully evolved by 264 BC and remained for 200 years the basis of Roman military organisation. Pyrrhus ordered the elephants to charge the part of the Roman line which was in difficulty. Early Roman soldiers hence must have looked much like Greek hoplites. the roman legions were created as a result of this group sacking Rome. Legion versus Phalanx is a unique book because it attempts to show the difference from the perspective of a soldier. Add New Argument. It was founded in 65 B.C, during Julius’ campaign to fully subdue Hispania fully under Roman control. helots. #WolfAndKaisaYou´ve never seen a Rome II battle like this!! Spartans lost from the Theban "oblique" phalanx.Its evolution,the Macedonian Phalanx, crushed the Thebans.And the Roman legion in most occasions won the phallanx (it lost sometimes though,f.e. The phalanxes of Alexander the Great humbled the armies of the mighty Persian Empire, while Roman legions conquered Italy, Carthage, and Gaul. What time did Rome control the center? Their weapons were the thrusting spear and the sword. Start studying HIS 101 - Test 1. wars between Greece and the Persian Empire which began in Ionia on the coast of Anatolia. What were the role of enslaved people in agriculture? In the Roman army, a full strength legion was officially made up of 6,000 men, but typically all legions were organized at under strength and generally consisted of approximately 5,300 fighting men including officers. dirty and inefficient. The Greek Phalanx.

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